Arsenic is one of the most important toxicants in surface and ground water. Several researchers have studied the use of phytoremediation process for the removal of different pollutants in soil and water. The aim of this study was to investigate the arsenic removal from surface water of Chelpo area in north-east of Iran using the MACRO-ALGAE, Chara.Four reactors were used in this study with the initial arsenic concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 mgr/L. Besides the assessment of arsenic concentration in water and ALGAE, the pH of the media, and the initial and final weights of Chara were measured.The results showed that Chara could significantly remove arsenic from the polluted water. The maximum arsenic removal was observed in the reactor with initial concentration of 50 mgr/L. The highest arsenic concentration in MACRO-ALGAE at the end (day 19) reached 62.7 mg/kg dry Chara in the reactor with initial arsenic concentration of 300 mgr/L.

Energy consumption has significantly increased beside of urbanization growth. It may go up so fast that it results in environmental Issues and greater natural resource depletions. Therefore, the use of renewable and clean fuel is considered necessary. Currently, MACRO-ALGAE are cultivated in various regions of the world for various industrial and food usages. MACRO-ALGAE are known as a specific resource of alternative for energy production due to their biochemical properties such as high level of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Various biotechnology methods have been developed for energy producing from MACRO-ALGAE which are divided into two categories: 1) biochemical processes (fermentation, digestion) and 2) thermochemical processes (incineration, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction). Depending on the type of methods, the product are categorized under different phases such as solid, liquid and gas. In this study, we will review the methods and studies on the energy production of different species of MACROALGAE.

Background and Aim: The growing concerns about antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains reveal the urgent need to discover and develop new types of antibacterial agents. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to present a new generation of new antibacterial nanoparticles for industrial medical applications. Methods: In this experimental study, the biosynthesis process of graphene nanoparticles was performed using an aqueous extract of green ALGAE of Ulva flexuosa. Then the antibacterial activity was evaluated by two methods of determining the diameter of the growth inhibition zone and determining the minimum inhibition concentration on gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Results: The results of characterization analyses of graphene oxide reduction with the aqueous extract of the green alga U. flexuosa and its conversion to graphene were confirmed. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the samples showed that the aqueous extract of green ALGAE and reduced graphene oxide had antibacterial activity, while graphene oxide had no antibacterial activity. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that reduced graphene oxide by green MACRO-ALGAE can be introduced as a new antibacterial to the pharmaceutical field and medicine.

Polychaetes worm's types according to the relative equity value of proper food and their nutritional value, types of aquatic requirements, such as protein and fat and having kinds of fatty acids and amino acids, have been considered. In this 180 number-weighted average 0.25 grams of worms of coastal tidal zone in the fall of Bandar Abbas, 89 were randomly collected. Samples treated with three types of food commercial post larval food, green MACRO ALGAE (Entermorpha) and red MACRO ALGAE (Grasilariya) for 60 days and repeated three times, were feed. Oxygen, salinity, temperature and pH for treatments within 6.5 and 38.5 respectively and 25 and measured 7.9 and duration of light during the day to 12 hours light, 12 h dark for all treatments as Were considered equal. Protein, fat, moisture and ash for the samples fed with commercial food MACRO ALGAE MACRO ALGAE red and green, respectively (8.81, 2.39, 87.59, 1.12) and (7.71, 2.36, 87.61, 0.85) and (8.91, 2.27, 86.25, 0.97) and control treatment of nature (7.76, 2.19, 86.26, 0.92) Percentage was calculated. Most protein and fat respectively in red and treatments MACRO ALGAE food commercial and the lowest in the treatments and control treatment MACRO ALGAE green nature calculated.However, significant differences compared to each other in between treatments were observed (P>0.05(.

Nowadays, due to the advancement of technology, understanding the medicinal applications of seaweed products is an important issue. For this purpose, antioxidant activity of different organic extracts from Chaetomorpha antennina green ALGAE of Oman Sea was investigated. Methanol, chloroform, hexane and dichloromethane used for extraction and diphenyl phiceryl hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging, iron ion chelation and reduction power were used to investigate antioxidant properties. The results showed that the highest antioxidant capacity based on DPPH test was related to hexane and methanolic extract (85. 72±1. 69 and 85. 42±5. 59%), in chelating activity test, methanolic extract (32. 54±2. 89%) and in reduction power test methanolic extract (0. 254 ±0. 01ʎ) had the maximum amount. Therefore, the present study showed the very good antioxidant effects of methanolic and dichloromethane compounds extracted from Chaetomorpha antennina green ALGAE at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.

The purpose of study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activities of three species of green, brown and red ALGAE from northern coast of the Persian Gulf, The study was performed using DPPH, FRAP, PMD and RP tests for anti-oxidant capability and disk diffusion and plate methods of ethanol extraction for anti-bacterial ability. In the current investigation, The best anti-oxidant activity and inhibition potential of DPPH free radicals and RP were shown in ethanol extract of Entromorpha intestinalis green ALGAE and lowest values was detected in Cystoseira myrica brown ALGAE. The highest anti-oxidant activity was measured by FRAP test in green ALGAE E. intestinalis and the lowest anti-oxidant activity was obtained in the red ALGAEGracilaria corticata. The highest anti-oxidant activity with PMD test was found in the red ALGAE G. corticata. However, anti-oxidant activity of the green ALGAE E. Intestinalis was shown high activity with DPPH, FRAP, RP tests. Hydro-alcohol extraction of sea weed did not show any anti-bacterial properties.

Introduction: Over the past years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to their antiangiogenesis, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer activity have attracted researchers’ interests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity effects of biosynthesized AgNP using red MACROALGAE Laurencia caspica on human breast cancer (T47D) cells. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, the biosynthesis of AgNPs was evaluated, using Laurencia caspica. The characterization of developed AgNPs was performed through ultraviolet-visible (UVvis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The T47D and MRC-5 cell lines were treated with various concentrations of fabricated AgNPs for 24 and 48 hours, rspectively. The viability effects of cells and half maximal inhibitory concentration )IC50( were evaluated by MTT assay. Findings: The fabricated AgNPs were monitoring characteristic surface Plasmon resonance peak at around 420nm. The SEM and TEM results for size and morphological studies of AgNPs showed that nanoparticles were of spherical shape ranging from 10 to 50 mm. The MTT results demonstrated that AgNPs significantly decreased the viability of cells in dose-and time-dependent manners. The IC50 value of nanoparticles for T47D and MRC-5 cell lines were calculated as 29. 37  g/mL and 42. 13  g/mL 48 hours following treatment with nanoparticles, respectively. Discussion & Conclusions: Based on the current study, the biosynthesized AgNPs can cause more cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells compared to the normal cells. Thus, they can be considered a promising procedure for the treatment of breast cancer.

Inroduction & Objective: In aquaculture, ALGAE to increase immunity and survival of fish used commercially. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with Grasilaria MACROALGAE in the diet and its effect on blood factors in Asian Sea bass (Lates calcarifer). Material and Methods: For this purpose, 150 pieces of fish with an average weight of 28 grams perfectly with 3 replications and 3 treatments in the 15, 300-liter fiberglass tanks (10 fish per tank) were distributed. Fish for 40 days with a diet containing 3, 6 and 9 percent MACROALGAE powder Grasilaria per kg of food and two groups of positive and negative controls (both no ALGAE) were fed. At the end of the experiment the fish Caudal vein collected blood samples and blood parameters were measured. Results: The results of the present study showed that the replacement of MACROALGAE in the diet of Asian Sea bass on fish blood factors including hemoglobin, hematocrit and differential percentage of white blood cells have no significant effect. But, at the treatment of 3% replacement of MACROALGAE were observed significant different in levels of white blood cells count, lysozyme and total protein amount (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that replacement of MACROALGAE (Gracilaria pygmaea) at level of 3 percent have resulted in significantly increase in the white blood cells and lysozyme than the control group and the amount of total protein at the 3 and 6 percent had a significant increase compared to the control group.